Earlier this summer, I noticed a plant coming up in a pot outside. I didn't recognize it until it started putting forth lovely purple blooms, and then I knew I was the proud owner of what's commonly known as a Butterfly Bush (genus Buddleja).
When the flowers first started to appear, the little greenish-yellow butterflies ignored it. Yesterday I could see that more than a dozen purple spires had erupted and thought: I should take a photo before they're all gone.
This morning I was rewarded with a glorious sight: At least fifteen Monarch butterflies had descended upon the heavy-laden volunteer, so I quickly went inside to grab the camera. Not only did I get several decent close-ups but shot a short video (albeit a shaky one) of my welcome visitors flitting from branch to branch.
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| Monarch butterflies gather for a big feast |
According to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Buddleja, or Buddleia, but commonly known as the Butterfly Bush,[4] is a genus of flowering plants. The generic name bestowed by Linnaeus posthumously honoured the Reverend Adam Buddle (1662–1715), a botanist and rector in Essex, England, at the suggestion of Dr William Houstoun. Houstoun sent the first plants to become known to science as buddleja (B. americana) to England from the Caribbean about 15 years after Buddle's death.
Classification
The genus Buddleja is now included in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae;[5] it had earlier been classified in either the Loganiaceae or in a family of its own, the Buddlejaceae.
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| Welcome to the Buddleja Restaurant |
Description
Of the approximately 100 species nearly all are shrubs , the largest reaching 30 m (98 ft). Both evergreen and deciduous species occur. The leaves are lanceolate in most species, and arranged in opposite pairs on the stems (alternate in one species, B. alternifolia); they range from 1–30 cm (0.39–12 in) long. The flowers are produced in dense panicles 10–50 cm (3.9–20 in) long; each individual flower is tubular, about 1 cm (0.39 in) long, with the corolla divided into four spreading lobes (petals), about 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) across. Flower colour varies widely, with white, pink, red, purple, orange or yellow flowers produced by different species and cultivars; they are rich in nectar and often strongly scented. The fruit is a small capsule about 1 cm (0.39 in) long and 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) diameter, containing numerous small seeds; in a few species (previously classified in the separate genus Nicodemia) the capsule is soft and fleshy, forming a berry.
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| Table for one? |
Distribution
The genus is endemic to four continents. Over 60 species are native throughout the warmer parts of the New World from the southern United States south to Chile, while many other species are found in the Old World, in Africa, and parts of Asia, but all are absent as natives from Europe and Australasia. The species are divided into three groups based on their floral type: those in the New World are mostly dioecious (occasionally hermaphrodite or trioecious), while those in the Old World are exclusively hermaphrodite with perfect flowers.
Cultivation and uses
As garden shrubs Buddlejas are essentially 20th-century plants, with the exception of B. globosa which was introduced to Britain from southern Chile in 1774 and disseminated from the nursery of Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith.[6] Several species are popular garden plants, the species are commonly known as 'butterfly bushes' owing to their attractiveness to butterflies, and have become staples of the modern butterfly garden; they are also attractive to bees and moths. Some species of South American Buddleja have evolved long red flowers to attract hummingbirds as exclusive pollinators.
The most popular cultivated species is Buddleja davidii from central China, named after the French naturalist Père Armand David. Other common garden species include the aforementioned B. globosa, grown for its strongly honey - scented orange globular inflorescences, and the weeping Buddleja alternifolia. Several interspecific hybrids have been made, notably B. 'Lochinch' (B. davidii × B. fallowiana) and B. × weyeriana (B. globosa × B. davidii), the latter the only known cross between a South American and an Asiatic species.
Some species commonly escape from the garden. B. davidii in particular is a great coloniser of dry open ground; in towns in the United Kingdom, it often self-sows on waste ground or old masonry, where it grows into a dense thicket, and it is listed as an invasive species in many areas. It is frequently seen beside railway lines, on derelict factory sites and, in the aftermath of the Second World War, on urban bomb sites. This earned it the popular nickname of 'the bombsite plant' among people of the war-time generation.
Popular garden cultivars include 'Royal Red' (reddish-purple flowers), 'Black Knight' (very dark purple), 'Sungold' (golden yellow), and 'Pink Delight' (pink). In recent years, much breeding work has been undertaken to create more compact buddlejas, most recently the production of dwarf varieties such as 'Blue Chip' (Lo & Behold™) and 'Buzz' which reach no more than 2–3 ft (0.61–0.91 m) tall, and are also seed sterile, an important consideration in the USA where B. davidii and its cultivars are banned from many states on account of their invasiveness.
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| May I bring you anything else? |
Nomenclature
The botanic name has been the source of some confusion. By modern practice of botanical Latin, the spelling of a generic name made from 'Buddle' would be Buddleia, but Linnaeus in 1753 and 1754 spelled it Buddleja. The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature has gradually changed to incorporate stricter rules about orthographic variants, and as of the 2006 edition requires (article 60, particularly 60.5) that Linnaeus' spelling should be followed in this case.
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I won't subject you to the video in this post (mostly because I haven't figured out how to download video content, and also I'm so close to the camera you can hear me breathing). After all, I've already bored you with too much information about Buddleja. I only hope these frenetic freeloaders will come back tomorrow!
